CDC Winnable Battles 2015
Broad Goals:
- Provide technical assistance and evaluate the effect of nutrition standards for foods marketed to children
- Reduce sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods
- Reduce trans fat in the food supply
- Research and evaluate the effect of front-of-package labeling
- Increase the number of people who meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Targets:
- The prevalence of obesity among U.S. children and adolescents aged 2-19: 15.4%
- The proportion of infants who are breastfed at 6 months: 50%
America’s waistlines are growing at an alarming rate, and the extra weight we gain is affecting our bodies, and increasingly, our wallets. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in 2008, medical costs associated with obesity was $147 billion dollars. The problem doesn’t just affect adults. Children are gaining weight too, and researchers say childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents since 1980.
- In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight. Of these over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese.
- 35% of adults aged 20 and over were overweight in 2008, and 11% were obese.
- 65% of the world's population lives in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.
- More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011.
- Obesity is preventable.
- For each month of breastfeeding up to age 9 months, the odds of overweight decreased by 4%. This decline resulted in more than a 30% decrease in the odds of overweight for a child breastfed for 9 months when the comparison was with a child never breastfed.
- Foods available for consumption increased in all major food categories from 1970 to 2008. Average daily calories available per person in the marketplace increased approximately 600 calories, with the greatest increases in the availability of added fats and oils, grains, milk and milk products, and caloric sweeteners.
- In national surveys using physical activity monitors, 42 percent of children ages 6 to 11 years participate in 60 minutes of physical activity each day, whereas only 8 percent of adolescents achieve this goal. Less than 5 percent of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day.
- Empty calories from added sugars and solid fats contribute to 40% of daily calories for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years, affecting the overall quality of their diets. Approximately half of these empty calories come from six sources: soda, fruit drinks, dairy desserts, grain desserts, pizza, and whole milk.
- In 2011, only 29% percent of high school students had participated in at least 60 minutes per day of physical activity on each of the 7 days before the survey.
Childhood Obesity in the United States:
- In 2010, more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.
- Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years.
- The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2010. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to 18% over the same period.
- Obesity disproportionately affects children of certain racial and ethnic groups. 25% of African American children and 23.3% of Hispanic children with disabilities are obese, while only 16.7% of Caucasian children with disabilities are obese.
Obesity and Medical Costs in Children:
Childhood obesity and its related health conditions are a significant source of medical costs for families and for our country.
- Annual medical costs for a child diagnosed with obesity are on average three times higher than those for a child who is not overweight or obese.
- Nationwide, it is estimated that annual costs for prescription drugs, emergency room treatment and outpatient services related to childhood obesity total more than $14 billion, with an additional $238 million in inpatient hospital costs.
- Research shows that obese children are more than three times as likely to be hospitalized as those who are not obese.
1954: McDonald’s is franchised.
1956: The USDA introduces "The Basic Four" as a daily food consumption guide. This guide would remain unchanged until 1992.
1956: The National Health Survey Act is passed. This act provided the legislative authorization for a continuing survey to provide current statistical data on the amount, distribution, and effects of illness and disability in the United States. To fulfill the purposes of this act, it was recognized that data collection would involve at least three sources: (1) the people themselves by direct interview; (2) clinical tests, measurements, and physical examinations on sample persons; and (3) places where persons received medical care such as hospitals, clinics, and doctors' offices.
1960: NHANES begins tracking. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) begins to track children who are overweight and obese. During this time 4.2 percent of 6 to 11 year olds and 4.6 percent of 12 to 19 year olds are obese.
1970: There is a McDonald’s in every US state.
Nov 1990: Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 is passed. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 requires manufacturers to apply nutrition labels so that “consumers may make healthier food choices through improved access to nutrition information, to protect consumers from inaccurate or misleading health-related claims on packages, and to encourage manufacturers to improve the nutritional quality of their products by making nutrition content visible.” Compliance was required by May 1994.
1992: USDA Introduces the Food Pyramid. It has goals for adequate nutrition and variety in food. It stresses variety, moderation, and adequate proportions.
June 1997: WHO officially recognizes a global obesity epidemic.
Jan 1999: FDA officially defines obesity as a disease.
October 2004: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) removes a line “obesity itself cannot be considered an illness” from the National Coverage Determination Manual (NCDM). “Services in connection with the treatment of obesity are covered when such services are an integral and necessary part of a course of treatment for one of these medical conditions. However, program payment may not be made for treatment of obesity unrelated to such a medical condition since treatment in this context has not been determined to be reasonable and necessary.”
December 2006: New York City requires caloric information to be posted on restaurant menus and menu boards.
September 2010: First Childhood Obesity Awareness Month.
1956: The USDA introduces "The Basic Four" as a daily food consumption guide. This guide would remain unchanged until 1992.
1956: The National Health Survey Act is passed. This act provided the legislative authorization for a continuing survey to provide current statistical data on the amount, distribution, and effects of illness and disability in the United States. To fulfill the purposes of this act, it was recognized that data collection would involve at least three sources: (1) the people themselves by direct interview; (2) clinical tests, measurements, and physical examinations on sample persons; and (3) places where persons received medical care such as hospitals, clinics, and doctors' offices.
1960: NHANES begins tracking. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) begins to track children who are overweight and obese. During this time 4.2 percent of 6 to 11 year olds and 4.6 percent of 12 to 19 year olds are obese.
1970: There is a McDonald’s in every US state.
Nov 1990: Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 is passed. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 requires manufacturers to apply nutrition labels so that “consumers may make healthier food choices through improved access to nutrition information, to protect consumers from inaccurate or misleading health-related claims on packages, and to encourage manufacturers to improve the nutritional quality of their products by making nutrition content visible.” Compliance was required by May 1994.
1992: USDA Introduces the Food Pyramid. It has goals for adequate nutrition and variety in food. It stresses variety, moderation, and adequate proportions.
June 1997: WHO officially recognizes a global obesity epidemic.
Jan 1999: FDA officially defines obesity as a disease.
October 2004: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) removes a line “obesity itself cannot be considered an illness” from the National Coverage Determination Manual (NCDM). “Services in connection with the treatment of obesity are covered when such services are an integral and necessary part of a course of treatment for one of these medical conditions. However, program payment may not be made for treatment of obesity unrelated to such a medical condition since treatment in this context has not been determined to be reasonable and necessary.”
December 2006: New York City requires caloric information to be posted on restaurant menus and menu boards.
September 2010: First Childhood Obesity Awareness Month.
2011: MyPlate is introduced in conjunction with the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The food pyramid is archived and converted to the simpler My Plate to represent healthier eating patterns rather than specific amounts.
Click here for an interactive map of obesity in the United States
Click here for an interactive map of obesity in the United States
Healthy People 2020 Goals and Objectives
Promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights.
Healthier Food Access
· Increase the
number of States with nutrition standards for foods and beverages provided to
preschool-aged children in child care
· Increase the
proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of
school meals
Weight Status
· Reduce the
proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese
· Prevent
inappropriate weight gain in youth and adults
Food and Nutrient Consumption
·
Increase the contribution of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and
calcium to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older
·
Decrease the consumption of calories from solid fats, added
sugars, saturated fats, and sodium in the population aged 2 years and older
Improve health, fitness, and quality of life through daily physical activity.
- Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-strengthening activity
- Increase the proportion of the Nation’s public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students
- Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education
- Increase regularly scheduled elementary school recess in the United States
- Increase the proportion of school districts that require or recommend elementary school recess for an appropriate period of time
- Increase the proportion of children and adolescents who do not exceed recommended limits for screen time
- Increase the number of States with licensing regulations for physical activity provided in child care
- Increase the proportion of the Nation’s public and private schools that provide access to their physical activity spaces and facilities for all persons outside of normal school hours (that is, before and after the school day, on weekends, and during summer and other vacations)
Intervention Programs
1. Live Well Colorado “Family Table” Challenge:
Kids who share family meals three or more times per week are more likely to be in a normal weight range and have healthier eating habits than those who eat out or on the go. Adolescents who eat dinner most days with their families consume more vegetables, more fruit and juice, and less soda, fried foods, and saturated fats.
2. National Bike to School Day:
Walking and bicycling to school enables children to incorporate the regular physical activity they need each day while also forming healthy habits that can last a lifetime. Regular physical activity helps children build strong bones, muscles and joints, and it decreases the risk of obesity. In contrast, insufficient physical activity can contribute to chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer and stroke.
http://www.walkbiketoschool.org
http://www.walkbiketoschool.org
3. Let’s Move! campaign:
Let’s Move! is a comprehensive initiative, launched by the First Lady, dedicated to solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation, so that children born today will grow up healthier and able to pursue their dreams. Combining comprehensive strategies with common sense, Let's Move! is about putting children on the path to a healthy future during their earliest months and years. Giving parents helpful information and fostering environments that support healthy choices. Providing healthier foods in our schools. Ensuring that every family has access to healthy, affordable food. And, helping kids become more physically active.
http://www.letsmove.gov
http://www.letsmove.gov
4. Colorado Farm to School:
Colorado Farm to School supports the development of regional farm-to-school networks across the state.
http://coloradofarmtoschool.org
http://coloradofarmtoschool.org
5. Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding Work campaign:
The United States Department of Agriculture’s national breastfeeding promotion campaign. The purpose of the campaign is to develop and implement a breastfeeding and promotion campaign that is national in scope and implemented at the State level.
http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/Learning_Center/loving_support.html
http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/Learning_Center/loving_support.html
Recommendations
Obese or overweight children are more likely to grow up to be unhealthy, obese adults; and the sooner we can establish healthy eating and exercise habits in children, the better.
http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1735638,00.html
It all starts with hospitals, training mothers to breastfeed! Breastfeeding for nine months or more has been shown to PREVENT childhood obesity by 30%. A baby’s chance of growing into an overweight child drops every month they are breastfed.
But we can’t stop there. Efforts to curb obesity and encourage healthy eating and regular exercise must be encouraged and reinforced in our schools.
There are specific programs here in Colorado designed to help kids and their families make healthier lifestyle choices. LiveWell Colorado has introduced the “Family Table” challenge, which encourages families to take the time to eat healthy meals together. The Colorado “Farm to School” movement is connecting schools with local farmers and fresh produce, to help school cafeterias improve their menus.
Nutrition, and the types of foods we put into our bodies is clearly important. But there is another key factor in the fight against obesity: physical activity. Kids and their families need to move! Sedentary children grow up to be sedentary adults. The National Survey of Children’s Health ranked Colorado’s kids 34th in the nation in “vigorous physical activity.” Our numbers are improving, but not quickly enough.
There are plenty of reasons to exercise. Working up a sweat builds stronger muscles and bones, helps control body fat, and improves sleep. For children, physical activity doesn’t mean lifting weights, or running on a treadmill. It could be as simple as a game of tag on a playground during recess, doing a cartwheel or reaching down to pick up a ball.
THE THREE ELEMENTS OF FITNESS:
1.) ENDURANCE: Running away from the kid who’s “it”
2.) STRENGTH: Crossing the monkey bars
3.) FLEXIBLITY: Bending down to tie their shoes
By changing their diets and encouraging them to stay active, we can prevent our children from becoming overweight or obese. Breastfeeding babies, adding more vegetables and fruits to school lunches, and encouraging kids to go outside and play are all ways to accomplish this goal. But as a community, state and nation, we can’t just talk about it, we have to do something about it! The programs and tips listed here are a good start, but we must focus on improving our children’s health every day.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhGWSfraeyQ
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