HIV Stats: An Overview of the US and Colorado:
Below is a map of the distribution of the prevalence of HIV in the United States in 2008.
Figure 1
When looking at the characteristics of those who are living with HIV we see that the greatest prevalence and incidence rates in African Americans and men who have sex with men. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African Americans made up only 12% of the US population in 2010, but they accounted for 44% of all new HIV infections. Hispanic/Latinos made up 17% of the population but accounted for 21% of all new infections. Men who have sex with men (MSM) made up for 2% of the US population but had 63% of all new infections of HIV (CDC, 2013).
In the figure below you can see an estimate of new HIV infections in the US for 2010 by the most affected subpopulations including race and risk factors for HIV infection.
Figure 3 Living
HIV/AIDS Rate per 100,000 Populations by County of Residences at Time of
Diagnosis – Colorado, 2010. Source: Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment. 2010.
In Colorado there were 11,115 people known to be living with
HIV or AIDS at the end of 2010. The risk factor that most impacts prevalence
and incidence in Colorado found in men who have sex with men. In 2010, MSM made
of 71% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV. (Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment, 2010). In the figure below you can see the annual number of
diagnosed persons in Colorado.
Figure 4
Figure 4 Annual
Number of Diagnosed Persons Living with HIV and AIDS – Colorado (2006-2010).
Sources: Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment (2010).
Figure 5
Figure 5 Living with HIV Disease Cases by Risk Reported – Colorado (2006-2010). Sources: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (2010).
- Reducing the number of people who become infected with HIV.
- Increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for people living with HIV.
- Reducing HIV-related health disparities.
- surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection;
- follow-up of persons diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease or HIV infection to ensure adequate treatment and partner notification; access to care and treatment for persons with HIV infection;
- development of comprehensive STI/HIV prevention programs;
- collaborations with at-risk communities, non-governmental organizations, and local health departments; and
- training of medical providers and public health professionals; and conducting research to enhance STI/HIV epidemiology and prevention.
Figure 6 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS Cases by Race – Colorado (2006-2010). Source: Colorado Department of Health and Environment (2010).
In Colorado we see the majority if HIV/AIDS cases are white (60.7%). Nationally on 34.3% of cases are white. In Colorado blacks only represent 15.2 % (nationally 43.5%). In Colorado Hispanics represent more cases than blacks with 21.7% (nationally 19.4%). (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 2010).
As we can see from the data presented HIV is a real issue that affects a lot of people here in Colorado and nationally. We know that prevention of HIV is so important. According to the CDC (2013) it’s estimated that we have prevented more than 350,000 new HIV infections to date because of prevention programs. Not only are we saving lives but we’re also helping our economy with big savings in medical costs. It is estimated that more than $125 billion dollars have also been saved through prevention efforts. As you can see in Figure 8 below, there has been a stabilization in the amount of new infections of HIV which shows that prevention efforts overall are working.
CDC Winnable Battles:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has set out to win the battle against HIV. Their goal is to prevent new infections of HIV across the United States and reduce the numbers of new infections that are seen in current trends. In the chart below you can see the numbers of new HIV infections from 2006 to 2010. In 2006 there were 48,600 new infections of HIV. By 2015 the CDC hopes to reduce new infections of HIV by 25%, or 36,450 or less new infections.
Actions that they plan to take include reducing HIV incidence, improving diagnosis, connecting people to care, helping people retain care, providing antiretroviral treatment, and helping people to remain on treatments. They also plan to implement prevention of spreading HIV with positive case and high-risk individuals. They aim to improve data monitoring, distribution of information, and feedback. The hope is to guarantee that all individuals living with HIV have access to quality health care and that we can reduce HIV-related dsparities.
CDC. 2013
Healthy People 202
Healthy People 2020 are a compilation of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation to achieve during the second decade of the 21st century. Created by experts from inside and outside government, it identifies a wide range of public health priorities and couples them with measurable objectives. Healthy People 2020 include nearly 600 objectives designed to increase the quality and years of healthy life of all Americans by eliminating health disparities.
One of the Objectives for Healthy People 2020 is to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its related illness and death. This is sought to be achieved by:
Healthy People 2020 details their targets in four main categories including; diagnosis of
HIV infections and AIDS, death, survival, and medical healthcare after diagnosis of HIV
infection and AIDS, HIV testing and HIV prevention.
With regards to HIV Prevention the following sub categories can be found:
Intervention Strategies
Colorado
The Colorado HIV/AIDS Care and Prevention Coalition
One of the measures taken by the Colorado Government was the creation of the Colorado HIV/AIDS Care and Prevention Coalition. The Executive Order B 001 09 was issued by Governor Ritter February 9, 2009 and created the Colorado HIV/AIDS Care and Prevention Coalition (“Coalition”) to advise the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment regarding the best means to meet the needs of persons in Colorado living with HIV/AIDS. The Coalition serves as an expert resource providing advice and information to the department on issues, trends, needs, and resources pertaining to HIV/AIDS in the promotion of effective HIV prevention and care programs.
Under their HIV prevention and care programs they provide:
-surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection;
-follow-up of persons diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease or HIV infection to ensure adequate treatment and partner notification; access to care and treatment for persons with HIV infection;
-development of comprehensive STI/HIV prevention programs;
collaborations with at-risk communities, non-governmental organizations, and local health departments; and
collaborations with at-risk communities, non-governmental organizations, and local health departments; and
-training of medical providers and public health professionals; and conducting research to enhance STI/HIV epidemiology and prevention.
Colorado HIV and AIDS Prevention Grant Program
This Program is administered by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Disease Control and Environmental Epidemiology Division. The main objective of this program is to create a council to administer grants and funds to nonprofits and efforts addressing HIV and Aids Prevention in Colorado.
Key Components:
Created to address local needs in the areas of medically accurate HIV and AIDS prevention and education through a competitive grant process
Grants shall only be given for medically accurate HIV and AIDS prevention and education programs that are based in behavioral and social science theory and research
Establishes an Advisory Committee to oversee the grant process and designates representation.
According to their website the grants are given based on the following criteria:
Grant applicants shall:
-Address local community needs in the areas of medically accurate HIV and AIDS prevention and education programs that are based in behavioral and social science theory and research
-Be non-profit organizations that are governed by a board of directors, have the benefit of tax-exempt status pursuant section 501 (c)(3) of the federal “Internal Revenue Code”, or local health departments
More information regarding this program can be found at : http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/CDPHE-DCEED/CBON/1251607766997
National Intervention Efforts
The National Resource Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention among Adolescents (Resource Center) was created in 2011. Their goal is to build national capacity in youth HIV prevention by providing a central, online, location to access training, technical assistance, information exchange, and a resource library to remain current about published literature and evidence-based programs and practices. Their website is designed for a broad range of youth providers. Some of their efforts include a calendar of nationwide intervention and prevention events as well as discussion forums.
Advancing HIV Prevention programs: CDC
This program created by the CDC aims to The Advancing HIV Prevention to reduce barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and increase access to quality medical care, treatment, and prevention services for those living with HIV.
Interesting intervention service in Georgia
H.I.P Atlanta
Resource center who has the primary objective is to stop the spread of HIV by distributing condoms and lube in our "Keepin It Real" Kits. They also have a Linkage care network who Our Linkage To Care Assistance is geared to reach challenging populations currently not accessing care but engaging in risky HIV exposure behaviors (i.e. addictive behaviors, sex workers) or moral complexities (i.e. sexual identity, homelessness, shame and guilt). Person living with HIV can access H.I.P. via phone, texting, Skype or Live Chat. H.I.P Atlanta provides resources for those living with HIV as well as prevention services.
More information regarding this program can be found at :
If you are interested in finding out more about HIV prevention please visit the following websites:
http://www.medscape.com/resource/hiv-transmission-prevention
The WHO
The National Prevention Information Network
Based on our research on HIV/AIDS prevention our group recommends the following actions be taken in order to better meet the winnable goal expectations and intentions:
1. Expand the state subsidized Clinics available to low income/uninsured individuals that provides antiretroviral cocktail treatment for little to no cost.
2. Continue the efforts to educate the population on practicing safe sex and needle exchange programs
3. Allocate more federal funds for research in order to sponsor projects directly involved with HIV prevention such as the development of an HIV vaccine or a therapeutic agent that can help cure the disease.
4. Work on efforts to help people who already have HIV/AIDS connected to resources in their own community. Right now there is a lot of red tape and paperwork, thus some people get lost in the system and aren't served in the most optimal way. Helping bridge the gap between people and resources ultimately ties into prevention efforts and tackles the problem in a holistic way.
Additional Resources and Works Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence estimates—United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;57(39):1073-76. Hall HI, Song R, Rhodes P, et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA. 2008;300(5):520-9. Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS, et al. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1447-50. Morlet, A, et al. (March 21, 1988). The impact of the "grim reaper" national AIDS educational campaign on the Albion Street (AIDS) Centre and the AIDS Hotline. Medical Journal of Australia. 48(6):282-6.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). HIV. Retrieved from www.cdc.com
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Integrated Epidemiological Profile of HIV and AIDS Prevention and Care Planning reported through December 2010. (2010). Retrieved May 5, 2013, from http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/CDPHE-DCEED/CBON/1251607766338
ACT UP. (May 5, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.actupny.org/
UNAIDS. (May 5, 2013). http://www.unaids.org/en/
amFAR. (May 5, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.amfar.org/about.html
Avert. (May 5, 2013). AIDS Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.avert.org/aids-timeline.htm
Wilson, Jacque. (March 4, 2013). Timeline: Aids Moments to Remember. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/04/health/timeline-hiv-aids-moments
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